Thermodynamic conditions during growth determine the magnetic anisotropy in epitaxial thin-films of La0.7_{0.7}Sr0.3_{0.3}MnO3_{3}

The suitability of a particular material for use in magnetic devices is determined by the process of magnetization reversal/relaxation, which in turn depends on the magnetic anisotropy. Therefore, designing new ways to control magnetic anisotropy in technologically important materials is highly desirable. Here we show that magnetic anisotropy of epitaxial thin-films of half-metallic ferromagnet La$_{0.7}$Sr$_{0.3}$MnO$_{3}$ (LSMO) is determined by the proximity to thermodynamic equilibrium conditions during growth. We performed a series of X-ray diffraction and ferromagnetic resonance (FMR) experiments in two different sets of samples: the first corresponds to LSMO thin-films deposited under tensile strain on (001) SrTiO$_{3}$ by Pulsed Laser Deposition (PLD; far from thermodynamic equilibrium); the second were deposited by a slow Chemical Solution Deposition (CSD) method, under quasi-equilibrium conditions. Thin films prepared by PLD show a in-plane cubic anisotropy with an overimposed uniaxial term. A large anisotropy constant perpendicular to the film plane was also observed in these films. However, the uniaxial anisotropy is completely suppressed in the CSD films. The out of plane anisotropy is also reduced, resulting in a much stronger in plane cubic anisotropy in the chemically synthesized films. This change is due to a different rotation pattern of MnO$_{6}$ octahedra to accomodate epitaxial strain, which depends not only on the amount of tensile stress imposed by the STO substrate, but also on the growth conditions. Our results demonstrate that the nature and magnitude of the magnetic anisotropy in LSMO can be tuned by the thermodynamic parameters during thin-film deposition.Comment: 6 pages, 8 Figure

Maximal Lactate Steady State Versus the 20-Minute Functional Threshold Power Test in Well-Trained Individuals: “Watts” the Big Deal?

Purpose: This study aimed to i) compare the power output (PO) for both the 20-minute functional threshold power (FTP20) field-test and the calculated 95% (FTP95%) with power at maximal lactate steady state (MLSS); and ii) evaluate the sensitivity of FTP95% and MLSS to training induced changes. Methods: Eighteen participants (12 males- 37± 6 years; 6 females- 28 ± 6 years) performed a ramp-incremental cycling test to exhaustion, 2 to 3 constant load MLSS trials, and a FTP20 test. 10 participants returned to repeat the test series after 7-months of training. Results: PO at FTP20 and FTP95% was greater than that at MLSS (p=0.00), with the PO at MLSS representing 88.5 ± 4.8% and 93.1 ± 5.1% of FTP and FTP95%, respectively. MLSS was greater POST compared to PRE training (12 ± 8 W) (p=0.002). No increase was seen in mean PO at FTP20 and FTP95% (p=0.75). Conclusion: The results indicate that the PO at FTP95% is different to MLSS, and that changes in MLSS PO after training were not reflected by FTP95%. Even using an adjusted percentage (i.e., 88% rather than 95% of FTP20), the large variability in the data is such that it would not be advisable to use this as a representation of MLSS

Competencias éticas de los consejeros de orientación

El objetivo general de este trabajo es presentar el análisis de las competencias éticas de los Consejeros de Orientación a través de una experiencia de un Proyecto Europeo sobre formación basada en las Habilidades TIC: Herramientas y Formación de éstas y cuyo propósito principal es alcanzar un amplio desarrollo profesional para una extensa comunidad de profesionales de la educación y orientación a lo largo de la vida así como desenvolver un perfil estándar del Consejero de la Carrera. En este artículo se presenta el diseño evaluativo y los resultados de un Seminario de 28 horas del currículo formativo para los profesionales de la Orientación centrado en las TIC, especialmente en el ámbito de sus competencias éticas: honestidad, confidencialidad, responsabilidad, respeto, etc.Facultad de Psicologí

Competencias éticas de los consejeros de orientación

El objetivo general de este trabajo es presentar el análisis de las competencias éticas de los Consejeros de Orientación a través de una experiencia de un Proyecto Europeo sobre formación basada en las Habilidades TIC: Herramientas y Formación de éstas y cuyo propósito principal es alcanzar un amplio desarrollo profesional para una extensa comunidad de profesionales de la educación y orientación a lo largo de la vida así como desenvolver un perfil estándar del Consejero de la Carrera. En este artículo se presenta el diseño evaluativo y los resultados de un Seminario de 28 horas del currículo formativo para los profesionales de la Orientación centrado en las TIC, especialmente en el ámbito de sus competencias éticas: honestidad, confidencialidad, responsabilidad, respeto, etc.Facultad de Psicologí

Competencias éticas de los consejeros de orientación

El objetivo general de este trabajo es presentar el análisis de las competencias éticas de los Consejeros de Orientación a través de una experiencia de un Proyecto Europeo sobre formación basada en las Habilidades TIC: Herramientas y Formación de éstas y cuyo propósito principal es alcanzar un amplio desarrollo profesional para una extensa comunidad de profesionales de la educación y orientación a lo largo de la vida así como desenvolver un perfil estándar del Consejero de la Carrera. En este artículo se presenta el diseño evaluativo y los resultados de un Seminario de 28 horas del currículo formativo para los profesionales de la Orientación centrado en las TIC, especialmente en el ámbito de sus competencias éticas: honestidad, confidencialidad, responsabilidad, respeto, etc

Effect of heavy-intensity 'priming' exercise on oxygen uptake and muscle deoxygenation kinetics during moderate-intensity step-transitions initiated from an elevated work rate

We examined the effect of heavy-intensity ‘priming’ exercise on the rate of adjustment of pulmonary O2 uptake (τ 2p) initiated from elevated intensities. Fourteen men (separated into two groups: τ 2p≤25s [Fast] or τ 2p>25s [Slow]) completed step-transitions from 20W-to- 45%lactate threshold (LT; lower-step, LS) and 45%-to-90%LT (upper-step, US) performed (i) without; and (ii) with US preceded by heavy-intensity exercise (HUS). Breath-by-breath 2p and near-infrared spectroscopy-derived muscle deoxygenation ([HHb+Mb]) were measured. Compared to LS, τ 2p was greater (p0.05) from LS or Fast group US. In Slow, τ[HHb+Mb] increased (p<0.05) in US relative to HUS; this finding coupled with a reduced τ 2p indicates a priming-induced improvement in matching of muscle O2 delivery-to-O2 utilization during transitions from elevated intensities in those with Slow but not Fast 2p kinetics

The genetics of adaptation in freshwater Eurasian shad (Alosa)

Studying the genetics of phenotypic convergence can yield important insights into adaptive evolution. Here, we conducted a comparative genomic study of four lineages (species and subspecies) of anadromous shad (Alosa) that have independently evolved life cycles entirely completed in freshwater. Three naturally diverged (A. fallax lacustris, A. f. killarnensis, and A. macedonica), and the fourth (A. alosa) was artificially landlocked during the last century. To conduct this analysis, we assembled and annotated a draft of the A. alosa genome and generated whole-genome sequencing for 16 anadromous and freshwater populations of shad. Widespread evidence for parallel genetic changes in freshwater populations within lineages was found. In freshwater A. alosa, which have only been diverging for tens of generations, this shows that parallel adaptive evolution can rapidly occur. However, parallel genetic changes across lineages were comparatively rare. The degree of genetic parallelism was not strongly related to the number of shared polymorphisms between lineages, thus suggesting that other factors such as divergence among ancestral populations or environmental variation may influence genetic parallelism across these lineages. These overall patterns were exemplified by genetic differentiation involving a paralog of ATPase-α1 that appears to be under selection in just two of the more distantly related lineages studied, A. f. lacustris and A. alosa. Our findings provide insights into the genetic architecture of adaptation and parallel evolution along a continuum of population divergence

Model of ICT skills and new professional profile of the Guidance Counsellors in some European countries

The article analyzes the using of the Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) in the scene of some European countries in the Educational and Vocational Guidance area. The design of the realized research has a main goals to diagnose the general and specific ICT skills in the guidance practitioner´s profile and to know diverse guidance variables. The guidance practitioners' total sample was constituded initially by 600 guidance practitioners (120 for each of five countries participants in the Project: Germany, Spain, Italy, United Kingdom and Romania) and the definitive one belonged 578 participants. As variables of the study, there is contemplated the age, training, professional experience and professional dedication of the Guidance agents. Also, there was carried out an analysis detailed of the general and specific ICT skills and its using by the Guidance practitioner and also a description of some analyzed variables. The most relevant conclusions attended users refer to the Guidance agent´s age, their training, professional experience and the general and specific ICT skills.Facultad de Psicologí